We're smack in the midst of what some moviegoers insist is a Golden Age for comic book movies, with talented directors like Christopher Nolan ("Memento," "Batman Begins"), Ang Lee ("Brokeback Mountain," "Hulk") and Bryan Singer ("The Usual Suspects," "X-Men," "Superman Returns") helming big-budget versions of funny book superheroes. But even some die-hard movie fans don't realize that several highly acclaimed non-genre films of the past decade or so have, likewise, been based on comics -- it's just that these films don't star costumed do-gooders. In honor of "Art School Confidential" (the second film by Terry Zwigoff to adapt tales from the Fantagraphics comic book "Eightball"), we look at some comic book movies that get by without gigantic special effects, fast food tie-ins or yellow spandex.

Terry Zwigoff's first cinematic dip into the alt-comix world was the 1994 biopic "Crumb," a searing personal portrait of legendary underground cartoonist R. Crumb. In 2001, Zwigoff directed an adaptation of a work by one of Crumb's true heirs.

Based on a serial from Dan Clowes' "Eightball," "Ghost World" tells the tale of Enid (Thora Birch), a disaffected outsider struggling to figure out life after high school. She feels a growing distance from her only friend, Rebecca (Scarlett Johansson), who slips into a mundane "normal" life of retailing and renting. On top of that, Enid fumbles with a crush on the cute boy at the convenience store while her well-meaning but clueless father is reuniting with a despised ex-girlfriend. When a mean prank twists into a complicated friendship with a middle-aged, alienated record collector named Seymour (Steve Buscemi), Enid must take a hard look at the shifting (but omnipresent) expectations that society, family and friends force upon us. Peppered with genius bits of snark and irony, "Ghost World," with its plethora of unpleasant characters and a metaphorically ambiguous ending, is the perfect film for anyone (teenage or adult) who can't relate to the cinematic worlds of John Hughes or Amy Heckerling.

2002 saw the release of "Road to Perdition," based on a 1998 graphic novel by Max Allan Collins and Richard Piers Rayner. Tom Hanks stars as Michael Sullivan, a Depression-era gangster whose 12-year-old son is threatened after witnessing a mob murder. Forced to choose between "family" and family, Sullivan and son flee Chicago, with hit man Harlen Maguire (Jude Law) close behind. Directed by Sam Mendes ("American Beauty"), the film's period setting, languorous pace and muted color scheme seems antithetical to what audiences usually think of "comic book movies," which might be why many people are shocked to discover the film's source.

2003's "American Splendor" may not be about a superhero (although Superman, Green Lantern and Batman make cameos in the opening), but the movie wears its comic book origins on its sleeve in a unique way.

The story of Cleveland file clerk and misanthrope Harvey Pekar is told in a combination of dramatization (with the always-great Paul Giamatti as Harvey), documentary and animated recreations of excerpts from Pekar's autobiographical comic books. This sometimes overlapping patchwork structure might sound like a difficult cinematic trick to pull off, but directors Shari Springer-Berman's and Robert Pulcinin's film flows beautifully, and may be the most affecting comic book adaptation ever (all due respect to "The Punisher").

The term "comic book violence" is usually used to indicate brutality without consequence -- people surviving explosions, gunfights and massive beatings with barely a scratch. Conversely, those who inflict harm on others do so casually and with impunity. So it's ironic that last year's "A History of Violence," an intensely harrowing look at violence's impact and lasting effects, is based on a 1997 graphic novel by John Wagner (co-creator of Judge Dredd) and Vince Locke.

When small-town family man Tom Stall (Viggo Mortenson) is forced to kill two men attempting to rob his diner, it brings a storm of unwanted publicity. Soon, Tom and his family find themselves terrorized by some black-suited gangsters from "back east. It turns out "Tom" used to be "Joey Cusack," a vicious Philadelphia mob enforcer who left town and crafted a new identity for himself decades earlier (completely unbeknownst to his subsequent family). Suddenly, Nick/Joey has to fight (figuratively and literally) to hang on to the life he's created for himself -- and it gets ugly.

Director David Cronenberg is known for unsettling imagery, from the exploding heads of "Scanners" (1981) and vomiting in "The Fly" (1986) to the bloody car-wreck sex of "Crash" (1996). But with "A History of Violence," Cronenberg forces the audience to confront its morbid fascination with seeing others get hurt. The visceral, shocking results of film's violence may be the kind of thing we want to see in a movie -- but by showing how those actions affect the characters involved (on both sides), they assume far more weight and consequence than the body count in, say, "The Matrix." This largely misunderstood and underrated film is one of those rare pieces of art that's impossible to shake off. A masterpiece.

Yes, you heard us. A comic book movie and a masterpiece! Of course, we'd use the same term to describe 1978's "Superman: the Movie" and even 2003's "X2: X-Men United." If the stigma that used to be ascribed to comic books is, in fact, finally fading, then perhaps we'll see more non-genre adaptations. Cameras are currently rolling on "300," based on the Frank Miller ("The Dark Knight Returns," "Sin City") graphic novel about the ancient Greek Battle of Thermopylae.

But there are innumerable untapped comics that would make great movies.

The seminal graphic novels of Will Eisner about Jewish life; Bob Fingerman's "Beg the Question"; Jaime Hernandez' "Locas" tales from "Love and Rockets"; and Craig Thompson's "Blankets" are just a few examples. To paraphrase an old line, "Comic book movies aren't just for kids anymore."

Check out everything we've got on "Art School Confidential."

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