RealD Cinema is a digital stereoscopic projection technology made and sold by RealD Inc. It is currently the most widely used technology for watching 3-D films in theatres. Samsung will be using RealD technology in its upcoming HDTVs. Technology, RealD 3D cinema technology uses circularly polarized light to produce stereoscopic image projection. Circular polarization technology has the advantage over linear polarization methods in that viewers are able to tilt their head and look about the theater naturally without a disturbing loss of 3D perception, whereas linear polarization projection requires viewers to keep their head orientation aligned within a narrow range of tilt for effective 3D perception; otherwise they may see double or darkened images. The high-resolution, digital cinema grade video projector alternately projects right-eye frames and left-eye frames 144 times per second. The projector is either a Texas Instruments' Digital Light Processing device or Sony's reflective LCOS (Liquid crystal on silicon). A push-pull electro-optical liquid crystal modulator called a ZScreen is placed immediately in front of the projector lens to alternately polarize each frame. It circularly polarizes the frames clockwise for the right eye and counterclockwise for the left eye. The audience wears spectacles with oppositely circularly polarized lenses to ensure each eye sees only its designated frame, even if the head is tilted. In RealD Cinema, each frame is projected three times to reduce flicker, a system called triple flash. The source video is usually produced at 24 frames per second per eye (total 48 frames/s), which may result in subtle ghosting and stuttering on horizontal camera movements. A silver screen is used to maintain the light polarization upon reflection and to reduce reflection loss to counter the inherent losses by the polarization filters. The result is a 3D picture that seems to extend behind and in front of the screen itself. Viewing comfort, 3D systems for movies using polarized light cause a loss of screen brightness due to the inherent filter absorption. The polarization filter in front of the projector blocks half of the projecting light, reducing screen brightness. However, as half of all other ambient and reflected light in the theater is also reduced by the viewing lenses, the perceived contrast does not suffer excessively. The overall effect is that of wearing a pair of slightly darkened glasses in a standard movie theater, which could be compensated by using brighter projector lamps. One complaint with many 3D display systems is that some viewers may feel nauseated or experience a headache during and even after viewing. This effect is more likely with rapid cuts between scenes with very different depth, which directors and editors of 3D movies generally try to avoid.
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